Lathe Controlsthe Mechanic

We can do different operations on the job by lathe machine. It is commonly used in the mechanical field. It makes the work easier and simpler. Mostly the simple jaws we can make on lathe machine tool. Many people know Lathe machine and saw in there laboratory or company but not aware much about parts of lathe machine and lathe machine diagram. So here we will explain what it is, how to use and their parts. The milling machine lathe attachment is attachable to an existing milling machine to eliminate the need for an operator owning both a milling machine and a lathe. It is designed to be mounted to the side of the milling machine and to be used without disturbing a setup in the associated vise. Importance of Lathe Machine in Engineering Field and its usage Jahnavi Madireddy. Parts of Lathe Machine. Ntroduction he lathe, probably one of the earliest machine tools, is one of the most versatile and widely used machine tool, so also known as mother machine tool. An engine lathe is the most basic and simplest form of the lathe. (17) 17 product ratings - 7' x 14' Mini Metal Lathe 550W Precision Variable Speed 2250 RPM 0.75HP. VERY NICE CONDITION ORIG SOUTH BEND 9 10K LATHE 4' BED QUICK CHANGE LEAD SCREW. $46.70 shipping. Logan Lathe 5C Collet Spindle Adapter # 1055-1, 2 1/2” L, 1 5/16” Dia., See Desc.

Lathe Machine:

Lathe is one of the most versatile and widely used machine tools all over the world. It is commonly known as the mother of all other machine tools. The main function of a lathe is to remove metal from a job to give it the required shape and size. The job is securely and rigidly held in the chuck or in between centers on the lathe machine and then turn it against a single-point cutting tool which will remove metal from the job in the form of chips.

For performing the various machining operations in a lathe, the job is being supported and driven by any one of the following methods.

1. Job is held and driven by chuck with the other end supported on the tailstock center.

2. Job is held between centers and driven by carriers and catch plates.

3. Job is held on a mandrel, which is supported between centers and driven by carriers and catch plates.

4. Job is held and driven by a chuck or a faceplate or an angle plate.

The above methods for holding the job can be classified under two headings namely job held between centers and job held by a chuck or any other fixture. The various important lathe operations are depicted in Fig. (a), (b) and (c).

The operations performed in a lathe can be understood by three major categories.

(a) Operations, which can be performed in a lathe either by holding the workpiece between centers or by a chuck are:

1. Straight turning –

Turning is the operation in which a cylindrical surface is produced. The workpiece is supported between centers or in any other work holding device and rotated at the desired speed. The tool is first given a depth of cut by using the cross slide motion of the carriage and then given an axial feed by hand or power. Which can be made to overlap to produce a cylindrical surface on the workpiece by adjusting the feed and having a large nose radius. Repeated cuts may be necessary to obtain a desired reduction of size. A final finishing cut may be given to the workpiece with a low depth of cut and feed but high speed to attain the desired degree of surface finish.

2. Shoulder turning

3. Taper turning –

Taper turning is the process of producing external and internal conical surfaces by combining the rotation of the job and the relative angular feed of the tool. Tapers are used on many tools and machine components for alignment and easy holding. Such as the shank of twist drills, end mills, and reamers, spindles of lathe and drilling machine.

4. Chamfering –

Chamfering is the process of beveling the extreme ends of a workpiece. It is done to remove the burrs, to protect the end of the workpiece from being damaged and to have a better look.

5. Eccentric turning –

It is a turning operation in which turning is performed at a different axis on a single setting of a job. This method of turning is generally used to produce crankshafts and camshafts.

6. Thread cutting –

The process of making threads on a cylindrical job is called threading

7. Facing –

Facing is an operation used to produce a flat surface at right angles to the rotational axis of the job. In this case, the tool is fed at right angles to the job while the depth of cut is provided by the axial motion of the carriage. The job may be held in a chuck or between centers. In this center about half of the front cone is removed to give access to the tool.

8. Forming –

It is a process in which a convex, concave or any irregular surface is formed on the workpiece with the help of a forming tool. The forming tool having the required shape is used to perform forming operation.

9. Filing

10. Polishing

11. Grooving –

The process of creating a narrow slot on the workpiece is called grooving. It is also known as recessing or necking

12. Knurling –

Knurling is the process of embossing a diamond-shaped pattern on the cylindrical surface of a workpiece. Knurling is done on the workpiece so that it does not slip when held and operated by hand. The workpiece is supported in the chuck but since quite heavy forces are involved in the knurling process an additional support is generally provided at the free end with the tailstock center.

13. Spinning –

SPINNING is a method of forming sheet metal into seamless, axisymmetric shapes by a combination of rotation and force. Based on techniques used, applications, and results obtainable, the method can be divided into three categories: Manual spinning, Power spinning, Tube Spinning.

Read More: Metal Sheet Spinning process | Sheetmetal Forming

14. Spring winding

(b) Operations which are performed by holding the work by a chuck or a faceplate or an angle plate are:

1. Undercutting –

In the undercutting operation, we enlarge the diameter if done internally and decrease the diameter if done externally. It is done at the end of the hole, near the stepped shoulder of a cylindrical surface and the end of a threaded portion in the blot.

Lathe Controls The Mechanical

2. Parting-off –

The part is removed so that it faces the ends. For this, the parting tool is involved in slowly to make operate. To cut deeper the parting tool is pulled out and transferred to the side for the cut and to prevent the tool from breaking.

3. Internal thread cutting

4. Drilling –

The workpiece is held in a chuck or on a faceplate and the drill is held in the tailstock quill or a drill chuck held in the quill. The taper in the quill ensures that the axis of the drill is concentric with the rotational axis of the spindle. Feeding is done by movement of the tailstock quill. Reamers, counterbores and other cutting tools may also be used similarly in place of the drill.

5. Reaming –

The process of enlarging the holes to accurate sizes is called reaming. Reaming is always performed after drilling operations. It is similar to the drilling process. The reamer is held in the tailstock to carry out reaming operation.

6. Boring –

Boring is the process of enlarging a hole produced by drilling, casting, punching or forging with the help of a single point tool. Boring cannot originate a hole. In boring the job is held in a chuck or faceplate and a boring tool held on the tool post is fed into it. The operation is similar to external turning in that the feed and depth of cut are given by the longitudinal and cross-motions of the tool respectively. Since the enlarged hole is being generated with a motion of the workpiece about an axial motion of the tool.

7. Counter boring

8. Taper boring

9. Tapping

(c) Operations which are performed by using special lathe attachments are:

1. Milling –

The milling machine lathe attachment is attachable to an existing milling machine to eliminate the need for an operator owning both a milling machine and a lathe. It is designed to be mounted to the side of the milling machine and to be used without disturbing a setup in the associated vise. You can read more about milling machine attachment here.

2. Grinding –

3. Slotting –

Slotting or keyway making is the operation generally carried on a shaper machine but by using Slotting attachment, this operation is possible on lathe machine. You can read the Slotting attachment project here.

Precision and high repeat accuracy for individual parts and small series manufacture. Made in Germany.

Z-axis and X-axis with recirculating ball spindles and two powerful step motors.
Control unit for connecting to PC or laptop with activation of the main spindle and the step motors.
Including user-friendly and WINDOWS® compatible software (see description below).

High quality RÖHM precision 3-jaw lathe chuck. Witt Ø 100mm.
Powerful condenser motor with 550W.
Multiple steel holder with height-adjustable holder elements.
Step motor 1.8A for travel distance 70mm.
Recirculating ball spindle for the X-axis with 2.0mm inclination.
Recirculating ball spindle for the Z-axis with 4mm inclination.
Step motor 1.8A for travel distance 300mm.

CNC control of Z-axis and X-axis enables precise turning, facing and longitudinal turning of steel and non-ferrous metal.
Axes drive with powerful step motors and recirculating ball spindles (no backlash). For facing and longitudinal turning, for turning balls, radii and any freely formed contours made of steel and non-ferrous metal. Work piece machining is effected automatically by software and can be reproduced as often as required.
Otherwise the mechanical design is almost identical to the proven PROXXON lathe PD 400: Solid, cross-braced cast iron bed with ground and wide legged prism guide for apron and tailstock ensure vibration-free working and optimum precision. High quality 3-jaw lathe chuck (Ø 100mm). 6 spindle speeds (80 - 2,800/min) are provided via belt drive. Including rotating centre MK 2 and tailstock chuck. With quick-change tool post with 2 holders (with stop and height adjustability).
Complete with recirculating ball spindles, powerful step motors and the required limit switches, the CNC control unit, all necessary connecting cables and WINDOWS® compatible software on CD-ROM.
NO 24 500

Precision 3-jaw lathe chuck as per DIN 6386 (Ø 100mm).
Powerful condenser motor with 550W.
Multiple steel holder with height-adjustable holder elements.
Step motor 1.8A for travel distance 70mm.
Recirculating ball spindle for the X-axis with 2.0mm inclination.
Recirculating ball spindle for the Z-axis with 4mm inclination.
Step motor 1.8A for travel distance 300mm.

Double roller bearing recirculating ball spindle paired with powerful step motor driven in micro-step guarantee high machining precision and repeat accuracy.

PROXXON CAD/CAM software for WINDOWS®

Brief description of software and hardware:
The software is harmonized with mechanics, motors and the control unit of the CNC machine, thus offering the optimum performance.
The CNC control unit controls the step motors of the machine. The PC software provides the machine with the geometry information for travel of the tools (via RS 232 interface). This means that the control unit is the interface between software and the mechanics of the machine.
Powerful micro processors and accordingly dimensioned step motors and phases ensure that the motors always provide enough power for any machining processes. Two freely usable output relays in the casing of the control unit provide facilities for control of additional functions, e.g. a working lamp. Including connection cables with suitable plugs and built-in power supply for connection to 220 - 240V.

Simple creation of work piece geometry
The CAD window is displayed when the programme starts. The work piece contour is created in the familiar WINDOWS® environment. Numerous auxiliary aids help during programme operation, which supports both coordinate entry (absolute and relative) in addition to mouse use.
Technology information is allocated to every drawing element. This makes, for example, different processing speeds and manual tool replacement possible.
Read-in of existing files in .dxf format is possible as well.
Automatic generation of CAM data
The finished drawing of the tool is converted, by a mouse click, into the instruction set for the machine. So, machining can be started immediately. The instruction set generated in this way is in accordance with DIN/ISO 66025 and can be manually edited and exported. Conversely, the system also permits importing or complete self writing of data sets.
Software update for precision lathe PD 400/CNC

CNC simulation
If requested, the travel distances of the tool are simulated in the graphic window. In this way, faults in the programming can be recognised in time.
Manual work
The handwheels are replaced with the step motors of the CNC machine. Nevertheless, manual machining is possible with the help of cursor buttons, since the step motors can be operated manually.
Software installation
The PC software is supplied on a CD ROM. The problem-free installation is effected under WINDOWS® as usual.
Note:
PC or laptop are not part of the scope of delivery. Minimum requirements for the hardware: Pentium processor with 400 MHz frequency (or comparable), high-quality graphic card (64 MB RAM) and at least 40 MB free hard disc storage.

Technical data:

Power supply

220 - 240V / 50/60Hz

Drive

Condenser motor with 550W

Spindle drive
X-axis

Recirculating ball spindle with 2.0mm inclination,
flank diameter 8mm.
Step motor with 1.8A and 50Ncm dwell moment;
travel distance: approx. 70mm

Spindle drive
Z-axis

Recirculating ball spindle with 4.0mm inclination,
flank diameter 12mm.
Step motor with 1.8A und 50Ncm dwell moment;
travel distance: approx. 300mm

6 spindle revolutions

80 - 160 - 330 - 660 - 1,400 - 2,800/min
Selectable with switch (two-stage) and by placing drive belt.

Control of step motors

via CNC control unit (included in scope of delivery)

Software

on CD-ROM, installation under Windows 98,
Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7

Drive connection

via RS 232 interface (or: use of a USB adapter), connecting cables to PC included in scope of delivery

Sizes

Machine:	L 900 x W 400 x H 300mm
Control unit:	L 450 x W 270 x H 60mm

Total weight

Machine: approx. 45kg / Control unit: approx. 4kg

Lathe Mechanic

Computer with software
RS 232 interface
MCS-multicontroller
Step motor (X-axis)
Step motor (Z-axis)
Switch X-axis
Switch Z-axis

Computer with software
RS 232 interface
MCS-multicontroller
Step motor (X-axis)
Step motor (Z-axis)
Switch X-axis
Switch Z-axis

Thread cutting device for the lathe PD 400/CNC

A complete attachment kit with rotary encoder for the main spindle, belt pulleys, synchronous belts and all required accessory parts.

The software of the PD 400/CNC has already been programmed accordingly: Available now are the standard male threads M 1 to M 42. Special threads of any type (e.g. inch threads) can be manufactured as well with different pitches and thread depths. Including detailed assembly instructions.
NO 24 506

Self-centering 3-jaw chuck
Identical to the lathe chuck of lathe PD 400. Capacity through reversing chucks 3 - 100mm.
NO 24 407

Self-centering 4-jaw chuck
The jaws are not independently adjustable, i.e. they are self-centering. High accuracy. Chuck diameter 100mm.
NO 24 408

Collet attachment with collets for PD 400
For accurate use on round components. One hardened collet each hardened collet 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 8 - 10 - 12 and 14mm are included. Concentric accuracy better than 0.02mm, much better than a chuck. One soft collet for making a custom size yourself. The included collet attachment is mounted in the place of the headstock chuck. Supplied in a wooden box.
NO 24 419 complete

Tool post
Including two holders. Provides quick tool changes with easy height adjustment. For turning tools 10 x 10mm.
NO 24 415

Individual quick-change holder
Fits the tool post of PD 400.
NO 24 416

Die holder for round die.
For threads M 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 8 and 10.
With holder Ø 10mm for mounting in the tailstock drill chuck of the lathe. The holder is held by hand while cutting the threads. Neatly packed in wooden box with sliding lid.
NO 24 082

Cutting tools of high quality cobalt HSS steel, ground.
Five piece set
One each roughing out, parting, finishing cut, left and right cutter. Comes in wooden box with sliding lid. 10 x 10 x 80mm.
NO 24 550

Three piece thread cutting set
One cutter for external thread , one for internal thread (both ground to 60°, metric), one general cutting . Supplied in wooden box with sliding lid. 10 x 10 x 80mm.
NO 24 552

Cutter set with tungsten inserts
Three holders (90mm long):
for roughing out;
for longitudinal work;
for 90mm boring bar, holes from 12mm.
Standard tungsten inserts, 55°, plated (commercially available version). Three additional inserts securing screw and key TX 8 are included. 10 x 10mm.
NO 24 556 complete

Tungsten disposable tips (not depicted)
For the holders as described above.
NO 24 557 Ten piece set

Three piece centre drill set
Made of HSS steel. DIN 333 (type A) 60°. Complete set centre drills with sizes of 2.0 - 2.5 and 3.15mm.
NO 24 630

HSS boring tool set, 6 pieces
One each cutter for 60 degree (metric) and 55 degree (Whitworth) inside threads, 1.3mm - 2.65mm and 4mm. Shaft of Ø 6mm. Length 95mm. The cutters are held by a tool holder (9 x 9mm) that mounts to the tool post of either PD 230/E, PD 250/E or PD 400. Comes in wooden box with sliding lid.
NO 24 520

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